The South Florida Rocklands Ecoregion is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome in southern Florida and the Florida Keys with a total area of 810 square miles. These forested areas are usually divided into pinelands and hardwood hammocks found on limestone outcrops, called the Miami oolitid limestone. The limestone outcrops are covered with thin soil, and have a higher elevation than other adjacent ecoregion.

These rocklands are relatively small and are shrinking because of the increasing urban development, which continue to obtain more land from the rocklands ecoregions by clearing the forests.

Historically, the landscape was maintained by frequent low-intensity fires, but urbanization, agricultural expansion, exotic invasion and fragmentation have led to fire suppression and severe changes in plant community composition.

The pine rocklands are a critically imperiled ecosystem located in southern Florida, as well in the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, and Cuba. Its location in south Florida and throughout the Caribbean Archipelago straddles the southern and northern ends of the temperate and tropical flora ranges, respectively.

This widespread but limited ecoregion helps to explain why the pine rocklands are home to a wide variety of plants and animals, many of which are endemic to Florida, south Florida, or the pine rockland itself.