colours, wing bar width and colour, and length of supercilium:

R. satrap apache (S. AK, S. YT to SW CA and S. NM)

R. satrap olivaceus (SE. AK, SW OR, to ID and SW CA)

R. satrap satrapa (N. AB, to NL and NC)

The golden-crowned kinglet lives throughout much of North America, is an insectivore that forages in trees and shrubs eating insects especially caterpillars, insect eggs and spiders. This very small songbird tends not to fear human approach. Its nest is a well-concealed hanging cup suspended from a conifer branch.

Male:

Bright yellow crown with orange middle, which when alerted raises erect.

Pale olive above and gray below with a black and white striped face

Wings have thin white bars and yellow edges on black flight feathers.

Plumb body with a stubby tail and tiny bill

Female:

Female is similar to male with no orange in yellow crown

Widespread in winter and migration. by habitat.

Numerous in coniferous forests during summer breeding

Seen in boreal or montane forests, especially spruce and fir.

Widespread in winter and migration, and seen in

deciduous forest, suburbs, swamps, bottomlands, and scrub.

Year-round: Oregon, Washington, Alaska, New England

both coasts of Canada, coast of northern California,

Seen continentally in the higher elevations of Rocky Mountains

Breeding: summer and nesting in lower Canadian provinces

migratory throughout the upper continent.

(except all boreal northern regions)

Wintering

Seen in all of the lower forty-eight;